Introduction: Alternative punishments of imprisonment, which are called as a new approach of the penal system to fight against the negative consequences of prison, have many EFFECTS AND consequences that need to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, while examining the types of alternative punishments, the moral AND social EFFECTS of the implementation of these punishments have been explored. Materials AND Methods: The present study was conducted using an analytical-descriptive method. In this study, in order to provide an appropriate answer to the question presented, by referring to the theoretical bases (books) AND articles published in the ISC, Magiran, Civilica, SID AND Ensani in the years 2011 to 2023 AND with the method of extracting the existing legal provisions, the effectiveness of this type of punishment was also criticized in reaching the intended goals. Conclusion: The results of this study show that with the implementation of such punishments, the level of public trust, the growth of morals AND social capital in the society will also improve. Therefore, the implementation of these punishments, while reducing the criminal population of prisoners AND reforming them, provides better implementation of social justice AND improvement of public trust, emotional AND financial support for the families of criminals

Introduction: Factors affecting hatchability are mentioned as important indicators in breeder flocks’ performance, one of these elements is fertility. Roosters’ as half part of fertility have great role AND aging reduces their fertility. The biologic system in live organisms such as animals is under permanent attack due to natural consequence of the body’s normal metabolic activity that produces free radicals. It has been revealed that phospholipid fraction of avian spermatozoa membranes has high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) AND it is the reason why the spermatozoa are susceptible to free radical attack. During evolution, to deal with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), living organisms have developed specific antioxidant protective mechanisms. Therefore, as a major factor, presence of natural antioxidants in living organisms enables their survival in an oxygen-rich environment. To maintain sperm fertilizing ability, an antioxidant defense system is a crucial point. In avian semen the antioxidant system consists of natural antioxidants together with enzymes that have antioxidant characteristics such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) AND selenoprotein P (SEPP1) protects sperm against free radicals AND their destructive metabolites. Antioxidants such as vitamin E AND selenium (Se) have remarkable roles in avian reproduction. To gain gross reproductive performances in commercial poultry, supplementation of antioxidant at an optimum level is thought to be necessary. By using additives such as selenium we can help delaying this reduction through antioxidant properties of Se. Replacing inorganic Se by new types of Se sources like the nano form in poultry diet improves fertility. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of Nano-Selenium (Nano-Se) in comparison with sodium selenite on serum selenoprotein p (SEPP1) AND glutathione peroxidase (GPx) content in broiler breeder roosters.Material AND Method: In the present study, a total of thirty Arbor Acres Broiler Breeder roosters (40 weeks old) were rANDomly divided into five experimental groups. Each of which included 3 replicates of 2 birds. Relevant catalog recommended distribution of 160 gr of diet per rooster per day for broiler breeder males. After one-week adaptation they were fed with the basal diet (T1) supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg Sodium Selenite (T2), 0.15 mg/kg nano-Se (T3), 0.3 mg/kg nano-Se (T4) AND 0.6 mg/kg nano-Se (T5). The duration of feeding experiment was four weeks. At the end of adaptation week, blood samples were collected (2.5 ml) AND after separating the serum, they were stored in -20°C refrigerator. Another sampling was two weeks later in the middle of experiment that again blood samples were collected AND their serum were stored at -20°C. Four weeks after the treatment was done at the end of experiment, the roosters were humanely euthanized by cervical dislocation, the 3rd AND last sampling was implemented at the end of experiment that as in the previous sampling was done, the blood samples were centrifuged AND separated serum was stored in -20°C. Then serum concentration of the antioxidant “SEPP1” was measured by ELISA method AND “GPx” was analyzed using a spectrophotometry kit.Results AND discussion: The values of SEPP1 AND GPx serum concentration obtained at the first time sampling showed no significant differences between all groups (P < 0.05). Serum SEPP1 concentration examination in the second sampling showed that roosters fed with both mineral AND nano form of selenium supplements, had significantly higher concentrations of selenoprotein P in their serum, compared to the control group (P < 0.05) which the highest concentration was related to the treatment of 0.6 mg/kg nano-Se (T5) in their diet. Among the two groups of treatment 2 AND treatment 3, which were fed 0.3 mg/kg sodium selenite (T2) AND 0.15 mg/kg nano-Se (T3), respectively, treatment 3 had higher concentration. The results of examining the SEPP1 serum concentration for the final time at the end of the study indicated that there is a process similar to the trend of changes in the serum concentration of selenoprotein P that was seen in the second sampling step. The only difference observed in serum concentration results of the second sampling compared to third time was that the difference between the T2 AND T3 treatments was greater in the last sampling. Simultaneously with SEPP1 analysis, serum glutathione peroxidase concentration was measured in three sampling times. At the second time sampling of serum GPx concentration, evaluation of the serum concentration of glutathione peroxidase revealed that the serum concentrations of this selenoprotein in broiler breeder roosters in groups T5, T4, T3 AND T2 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher relative to its concentration in control group (T1). The difference between serum concentration of control group AND T3 treatment was not significant (P < 0.05), also the difference in serum concentration of this selenoprotein between treatments T4 AND T5 was not significant (P < 0.05). At the end of the study, after the third sampling AND evaluation, the results of GPx serum concentrations revealed that all treatments showed a significant increase compared to the control group (P < 0.05) AND with increasing the amount of nano-Se in the diet from 0.15 mg/kg to 0.6 mg/kg nano-Se, serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase showed an increasing trend. Based on a consideration of all experiment indexes, in this research 0.6 mg/kg is suggested to be the best level of supplementation of nano-Se, AND nano-Se showed higher contents of serum SEPP1 AND GPx at the same amounts of nano-Se AND sodium selenite supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of nano-Se was more effective than sodium selenite on serum SEPP1 AND GPx concentration of tested selenoproteins in broiler breeder males.

Facilities built in areas affected by earthquake activity, such as tunnels, which have always been an integral part of human life, must withstAND both dynamic AND static loading. It has led to the need for practical studies on the EFFECTS of earthquakes on underground structures AND the factors affecting their destruction. For this purpose, in this research, at first different patterns of tunnel’s excavation were investigated AND by using Plaxis 2D software AND based on Tabas earthquake in Iran, sensitivity analysis on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel such as cohesion, friction angle, unit weight AND modulus of elasticity was carried out, AND the parameters whose changes have the greatest AND least EFFECTS on the bending moment changes on the tunnel lining are introduced. The results show that tunnel excavation patterns significantly affect the bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel. Often, by dividing tunnel excavation area to small parts, the values of bending moment, axial forces, displacements, AND surface settlement of the tunnel decreases in static analysis. Also, outputs of sensitivity analysis on geotechnical parameters of the soil surrounding tunnel showed that modulus of elasticity of the soil surrounding tunnel has the most effect AND cohesion changes have the least effect on bending moment induced on tunnel lining..

Widespread immigrant beekeeping activity, inadequate quality queen bee production AND the excess of uncontrolled crossbreeding are great problems for the quality of honey bee races in Türkiye. However, the EFFECTS of uncontrolled crossbreeding on the spermatological parameters are not fully known. In this study, samples were analyzed in terms of morphometric parameters such as cubital index, hantel index AND discoidal shift. Drones belonging to the same colonies were investigated in terms of spermatological parameters such as total motility, Plasma Membrane Integrity (PMI), Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) AND spermatozoa concentration (SCON). The wing index values of the samples were similar to the wing values of some races. Racial similarities rates were50% Caucasian (A. m. caucacia), 49% Anatolian (A. m. anatoliaca), 24% Brown (A. m. mellifera), 13% Italian (A. m. ligustica) AND 8% Carnolian (A. m. carnica). These results showed that the expected Anatolian race in the region had changed greatly AND there is a danger of crossbreeding of bee races (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) in Central Anatolia Region. The averages of spermatological parameters were 85% motility, 82% PMI, 78% MMP AND 5.9 × 109/ml sperm concentration. In addition, no significant correlative relationship was found between morphometric AND spermatological parameters (p˃0.05). In this study, the samples of honey bee colonies in the Central Anatolia Region showed rANDom AND uncontrolled crossbreeding among different races. The spermatological parameters were found to be sufficient for fertility but there was no significant relationship detected statistically between the spermatological AND morphometric parameters.

The study objective was to evaluate the EFFECTS of reducing dietary starch content in fresh cow diets while maintaining NDF levels by substituting barley grain (BG), corn silage (CS), or both with beet pulp (BP) on DMI, lactation performance, serum mineral AND metabolites concentrations, liver enzymes AND liver functionality index (LFI), serum insulin AND revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI). Thirty-six multiparous cows were rANDomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental diets from calving to 21 days in lactation. Experimental diets were a high-starch diet with ground BG (CO; 24.9% starch; 0% BP) AND 3 low-starch diets where BP substituted for either BG (BB; 19.6% starch; 7% BP), CS (BC; 20.6% starch; 12% BP) or CS AND BG (BCB; 20.3% starch; 12% BP). Relative to CO cows (16.50 kg/d), DMI was greater for BC (17.70 kg/d) AND BCB (17.50 kg/d) cows, but it was lesser in BB (15.60 kg/d) cows. Similar to DMI results, milk yields tended to be greater for BC (37.89 kg/d) AND BCB cows (37.81 kg/d) compared to CO cows (35.41 kg/d), but BB cows (33.05 kg/d) tended to produce less milk than CO cows. Relative to CO, cows fed BB had lower serum glucose concentrations, whereas cows fed BC AND BCB had higher serum glucose. Serum insulin concentrations were lower for BB cows than for other exprimental groups. Relative to CO, serum NEFA AND BHB concentrations were lower for BC AND BCB, but was similar between BB AND CO. The RQUICKI was lower for CO, BC cows than BB cows, AND cows in BCB tended to have less RQUICKI compared to BB during postpartum. The concentrations of gamma glutamyl transferase were lower in BC AND BCB cows relative to CO AND BB cows. The cows fed CO AND BB had higher serum bilirubin relative to cows fed BC AND BCB diets. Although, LFI for CO cows was similar to cows on BB, BC AND BCB, BC cows had higher LFI than BB cows AND tended to have greater LFI than CO cows. Overall, reducing dietary starch by replacing CS (BC) or a mix of CS AND BG (BCB) with BP positively affected DMI AND milk yield AND indicated improved energy metabolism AND liver function during the first 21 d of lactation compared to when BP was fed instead of BG to reduce starch (BB).

Objective: In many countries, the advancements in information technologies AND the decentralized computing method has inspired hope to take advantage of modern information technologies, such as artificial intelligence, in order to overcome the unique challenges in global health including the coronavirus crisis. The following study tries to examine the possible future scenarios in the industry, with the aim of discovering new opportunities to increase health AND quality of life.Findings: Considering the research literature, seventeen drivers, which had affected the research in three dimensions, were identified AND the Delphi method was used for the accuracy of confirmation, their rankings AND for the calculation of their certainty. The relationships between the drivers AND the identified dimensions were measured AND confirmed in the form of hypotheses AND model presentations by structural equation methods. Using the cross-matrix method, five drivers were identified as risk AND goal. Finally, through the identification of uncertainty AND risk AND goal drivers, four scenarios were developed.Conclusion: Conclusion: The treatment structure AND medical equipment influenced by COVID-19 pANDemic conditions AND due to the growth rate, optimal AND intelligent application of modern digital technologies creates a wide-ranging evolution in this field AND illustrates the possibility of achieving a desired future by taking advantage of the scenario of the formation of an interconnected global society AND the realization of global health in the interaction of artificial intelligence drivers, novel production demANDs, sanctions, internet of things (IoT) AND blockchain.

In this study, chemical compositions of black seed meals samples were determined. 18 male weaning ZANDi lambs with an average body weight of 23.5 ±1.5 kg were used in a completely rANDomized design in three groups of six in individual pens. Experimental treatments were: 1) control (basal diet with 12% soybean meal AND without black seed meal), 2) diet containing 6% soybean meal AND 9% black seed meal AND 3) diet containing 18% black seed meal AND without soybean meal. The concentration of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, NDF, ADF, ADIN, AND crude ash of black seed meal samples were 97.53±0.58, 31.26±0.99, 15.16 ± 0.61, 25.95 ± 1.34, 14.2±0.80, 0.69±0.04 AND 5.07 ± 0.24, respectively. Replacement of soybean meal with black seed meal in the diet of experimental lambs had no effect on final body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, dry matter intake, dressing percentage, tail AND total body fat deposition. Albumin AND total protein were higher for lambs fed by diet containing 18 % black seed meal compared to other treatments (P <0.05). However, the concentration of blood triglyceride, cholesterol AND urea nitrogen were not differed between experimental groups. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fat AND protein were not affect by feeding of experimental diets. It seems that black seed meal can be used in the diet of fattening lambs up to 18% without adverse effect on performance AND nutrients digestibility of growing lambs.

This research was carried out to investigate lethal AND SUBLETHAL EFFECTS of commercial formulations of indoxacarb AND lufenuron on survival, development AND parasitism of Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko under laboratory conditions (25±2oC, 60±5% RH, AND 16:8 h L: D). Each insecticide was applied at four concenterations including 1000, 750, 500, AND 250 ppm (i.e. at recommended field application rate AND three lower concenterations) AND their EFFECTS were studied through three exposure methods, including contaminating adult’s food (honey solution 10%) with insecticides, residual contact, AND dipping parasitized host eggs (in pre-pupa stage of parasitoid) in insecticide solutions. The results showed that both insecticides significantly increased adults’ mortality AND decreased their longevity, fecundity, AND emergence rate in comparison to control, AND these adverse EFFECTS, increased with increasing applied concenteration. The highest mortality (52.5±6 percent), shortest longevity (1.72±0.1 days), AND lowest parasitism rate (14.7±0.97 percent) were observed in those parasitoids that fed on solution contaminated with indoxacarb 1000 ppm. Dipping parasitized host eggs in recommended field rates of indoxacarb AND lufenuron adversely affected prepupa survival, AND reduced adult emergence by 19.7 AND 19.3%, respectively. According to the IOBC categories of toxicity, both insecticides were found to be "slightly harmful" when they ingested through contaminated honey solution, AND "harmless" when adult parasitoids exposed to their residuals AND prepupae dipped in their solutions. Therefore, these insecticides are recommended as nearly safe products in biological control programs of lepidopteran pests with T. brassicae.

Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) is one of the most destructive insect pests on many crops in the world that has been found to develop resistance against conventional insecticides. Using insecticides with different modes of action may result in appropriate control of the pest AND delay insecticide resistance development. In this study, lethal AND SUBLETHAL EFFECTS of emamectin benzoate AND cypermethrin insecticides were investigated on third instar larvae of H. armigera by residue contact methods at 26±1oC, 70±5% RH AND a photoperiod of 16:8h (L: D) under laboratory conditions. LC50 values, on larval stage of the pest, of emamectin benzoate AND cypermethrin were 1.75 AND 127.74 mg a.i./ml, respectively. According to the findings, the larvae that were exposed to the LC30 of emamectin benzoate AND cypermethrin exhibited lower pupal weight AND increased larval AND pupal developmental times compared with control. The longevity AND fecundity of adults were significantly affected by the insecticides. Emamectin benzoate AND cypermethrin reduced fecundity by 53.1% AND 50.5%, respectively compared to control. The LC30 values of emamectin benzoate AND cypermethrin reduced egg hatching by 62.06% AND 37.9%, respectively. It is predicted that these insecticides, especially emamectin benzoate, may induce significant lethal AND SUBLETHAL EFFECTS on population parameters of H. armigera.

In Southeast Asia, Aedes aegypti (L.) has been incriminated as principal vector of dengue viruses AND Ae. albopictus as the secondary vector of dengue fever. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of three formulations of pyrethrin derived from Tanacetum cinerariaefolium against the dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever vectors Aedes aegypti AND Ae. albopictus in the laboratory. The testings employed 2 methodologies: the WHO Larval Bioassay AND WHO Adult Bioassay. The results showed that all the three pyrethrin formulations had larvicidal AND adulticidal activities. The impact of the SUBLETHAL doses of pyrethrin formulations on Aedes spp. larvae resulted in 4-6% of alive adult emergence compared to 90% of Ae. aegypti emerging adults AND 96% Ae. albopictus alive adult emergence in the control. The impact of SUBLETHAL doses of the pyrethrin formulations caused very low fecundity on both Aedes spp. compared to the control (P< 0.05).